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br Expression profile of GPR As noted above initial studies
2021-09-24
Expression profile of GPR35 As noted above, initial studies indicated expression of GPR35 in rat intestine [1] and stomach [2]. Subsequent studies have confirmed significant expression levels in the small intestine, colon and stomach, and this might be relevant in the association between a GPR35
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Treatment with probiotics can also be used
2021-09-24
Treatment with probiotics can also be used to alter the microbiota profile of CF patients. One study reports that administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus Reuteri improved digestive health and inflammation [112]. The fecal microbial profile changed, showing a decrease in Proteobacteria and an i
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br Methods and materials br Acknowledgements The authors tha
2021-09-24
Methods and materials Acknowledgements The authors thank the NIH AIDS Reagent Program for providing the materials and reagents. The HIV-1 1084i envelope gene was a generous gift from Dr. Charles Wood. This work was supported in part by grants to S.-H. X. from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundat
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Regulation of pancreatic and cell mass
2021-09-24
Regulation of pancreatic α and β cell mass has been extensively studied and hotly debated, due to potential therapeutic implications. Early claims of Angptl8 as “betatrophin” and Angptl4 as a regulator of glucagon secretion and α cell proliferation (Yi et al., 2013, Ben-Zvi et al., 2015) have not st
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Deregulation of HH signaling pathway
2021-09-24
Deregulation of HH signaling pathway in epidermal keratinocytes is a primary event leading to the formation of BCC (see above). Overexpression of SHH in HaCaT keratinocytes grown in organotypic cultures induces a basal cell phenotype and increases invasiveness. This behavior is linked to increased E
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GHRL effect on appetite is influenced
2021-09-24
GHRL effect on appetite is influenced by its dose and route of administration, where central or peripheral administration of GHRL at low doses increases feed intake, via acting on orexigenic hypothalamic neurons, and decreases appetite at high doses in chickens (Jonaidi et al., 2012), quails (Shoush
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Compounds were tested for GPR activity in a functional
2021-09-24
Compounds , were tested for GPR40 activity in a functional assay monitoring calcium flux in CHO endothelin receptor transiently transfected with human GPR40 gene. As shown in , compound was found to be a nanomolar GPR40 agonist, while compound was much less potent than . To explore the structure act
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Murine models of AML were
2021-09-24
Murine models of AML were used to identify differentially expressed proteins following treatment with the EZH2 inhibitor, DZnep. Sandow and coworkers demonstrated that inhibition of EZH2 induces leukemia Cy5 maleimide (non-sulfonated) mg arrest through regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases and inc
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Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy SERS is one of the
2021-09-24
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is one of the most powerful and ultra-sensitive analytical tools, which has been widely applied to food security analysis and many other fields (Craig, Franca, & Irudayaraj, 2013; Gukowsky, Xie, Gao, Qu, & He, 2018; Qi et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2015). For
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Continuing studies of endocannabinoid ligands at GPR reveal
2021-09-23
Continuing studies of endocannabinoid ligands at GPR55 reveal that virodhamine (O-arachidonylethanolamine) and AEA can act as a partial agonists at GPR55; at high micromolar concentrations can inhibit β-arrestin recruitment (Sharir et al., 2012). It is likely that there are allosteric as well as ort
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The activation of the ERK pathway participates
2021-09-23
The activation of the ERK pathway participates in the transmission of pain signaling by sensitizing primary afferents (Ji et al., 2009, Lai et al., 2011). Thus, the blockade of ERK activation in the primary sensory Cefotaxime sodium salt can reduce the mechanical hypersensitivity and the thermal hy
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br Competing interests br Introduction
2021-09-23
Competing interests Introduction An effective vaccine against the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still to be created, even though many strategies have already been tried [1]. Antibodies against a vaccine antigen must be either neutralizing or inducing cellular cytotoxicity [1]. It is kn
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DNA repair is essential for cell survival and for
2021-09-23
DNA repair is essential for cell survival and for tissue homeostasis given that cellular DNA is constantly challenged by various endogenous and exogenous genotoxic factors that generate DNA damage: structural and chemical modifications of a primary DNA sequence. Various organisms have evolved multip
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The following are the supplementary data
2021-09-23
The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Author contribution Conflict of interest Introduction Thrombosis (arterial and venous) is a major cause of vascular obstructive diseases including myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction and pulmonary embolism. Glycoprote
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To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft bel
2021-09-23
To maintain low Glu concentrations in the synaptic cleft below the affinity of its receptors, this amino isrib is rapidly removed from the extracellular space by a family of sodium-dependent high-affinity transport systems located mainly in the plasma membrane of perisynaptic astrocytes, and in to
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